That’s not a word. I just made it up. One of the most important lessons of writing fiction, whether in a novel, short story, screenplay or play, is the word “active.” The characters, especially the main character, must be active.
The simple breakdown is that we aren’t interested in the man sitting at a bar talking about everything he didn’t accomplish. We are interested in the man who tried. Whether he succeeded or not is irrelevant. When you go a little deeper into our interest in other people, it often begins, at least in story telling, with characters who have some nagging doubt. In other words — I’m using someone else’s words here — “We are not interested in whether a character drinks his coffee with milk or sugar, or reads the newspaper, or buys an apple in the morning. We are interested in those aspects of his daily experience that he may have doubts about being able to value.”
In some stories we often aren’t sure who the main character is, because it has a great deal of “ensemble” about it. But these are usually stories about a place. Right now I’m thinking of three Los Angeles movies, “Magnolia,” “Crash,” and “Little Miss Sunshine.” (The last is a more of a road trip that ends up in Los Angeles.) In “Magnolia” there are a few characters (well many, actually) that stand out to me — I’ll just name the actors: Tom Cruise, Jason Robards, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Julianne Moore, John C. Reilly, William H. Macy, Melora Walters, Philip Baker Hall. But the link between all of them is, more or less, the Tom Cruise character. He also has the furthest to go, emotionally, between the start of the movie and the end. His journey is reflected on almost all the other people in the different stories. They are all versions of his. Crash was a turd dressed up as a debutante so I won’t bother with that. And with “Little Miss Sunshine,” it is not Frank, the brother whose attempted suicide opens the show, nor Wayne, the self-imposed mute who wants to go to flight school, nor even Olive, whose desire to be in the Little Miss Sunshine pageant is what the story is all about. It’s Richard, the father of Olive, the husband of Cheryl, brother in law of Frank, step father of Wayne, and son of “Dad” or “Grandpa.” He is the one trying to sell his self help system, and not succeeding. He is the one who decides that they will all drive to California to take Olive to the LMS pageant. And he makes the greatest change. By the end of the film he has embraced his “loserdom,” joining all the others. Wayne, also, goes through a very dramatic change when he discovers he’s colorblind is now a “loser” like the rest of his family, but he doesn’t drive the action. In a very literal sense, Richard is the driver of the run down VW bus, and he is the driver of the story.
All of this is to say that you “figure out” who the main character is by deciding who is the most active in both a physical and emotional sense. Because often, that action is also what drives the story. And at the very essence of a story is the question, “Why are you telling this to me, now, at this moment in time.” And because of that — because of our impatience in a sense, we don’t tell the story about Hansel and Gretel at home, having a nice supper, going to bed, falling asleep and having sweet dreams. We tell the story about a famine, and a woodcutter with a wife who insists he take the children to the woods and let them fend for themselves, and the children who stumble upon a house made of gingerbread and candy, and a witch inside who, (with logic that only works in stupid fairy tells), is starving and wants to eat the children. But the boy isn’t fat enough, so the witch feeds him (again, why doesn’t she feed herself) to fatten him up, but he uses a bone to pretend he’s still too thin. Ultimately, the children push the witch into an oven or cauldron, burn her alive, escape with the help of a swan, and are reunited with the father, while their hateful mother has died of some unknown reason.
That is the difference between an active character and a passive character. In this story, the passive character is actually the father. The villain is the same person in different forms: the mother “IRL” and the witch in the gingerbread house. The active character is actually Hansel, not Gretel. Gretel is unfortunately imprisoned in the basement and Hansel is the most active: earlier in the story, he had saved some white pebbles to mark his way back home; he cleverly uses a bone to fool the witch into thinking he isn’t ready to eat, etc.
Anyway, I am actually working, even though it may not look like it, because I have an enormous of thinking to do about this particular story. It’s based on someone I once knew, informally — in fact if he were alive today he probably wouldn’t remember me — who burned himself to death in Prospect Park as a protest against fossil fuels. He was an activist — a civil rights attorney and later an environmental activist — who decided to end his life early. As far as I can tell, he did not tell his partner or the rest of his family, or his mentee, or any friends he may have had. I have been thinking about this constantly because a) I realized that it’s never going to be possible to come up with a definitive answer of why he did this and whether or not he was “depressed” or otherwise mentally anguished; and b) I have a friend who is currently going through the dying process as I’ve come to call it — (I’m borrowing the phrase from the movie “Arrival,” which is what the aliens, who can see both the future and the past, call it.) My friend is dying passively. She is letting it happen to her. She has mostly given up on all the things that kept her engaged while alive, which was primarily television, the phone and her dog. (Her dog had to be put down, but only because she hadn’t done it herself and it was in a dreadful state — riddled with tumors, etc.) She gets up as late as they let her. Sometimes they make her do some physical therapy. She eats. She sits in her room. She goes back to bed. I think they give her some sponge baths now and then. They help her with the bathroom. She has no interest in life and she has “given up” you could say, living. There is no one who could bring her back. Sometimes she finds some energy in being angry at people. And I don’t think she’s happy at all, but I also don’t think she’s depressed. She is waiting.
David was distressed during the first Trump administration when they immediately started destroying the environmental protections that we had worked for so many decades to put into place. He was already tired, physically, from the enormous strain that running a “hot composting” center put on his body, as well as his time. I believe he had also just suffered an injury in his back. A hot compost requires watering — daily I believe — and he had the watering system behind a lock, which only he had a key to. Before he burned himself, he had given the key to his mentee, and had repeated the schedule. These were some of the signs that he had made up his mind to destroy himself. But I think, besides being distressed, he was not in a depressed state. I think he probably saw the writing on the walls of where this country was going, with Trump and with the forces that created him, and because he was an activist — always had been an activist — he took action in a way that an “older” guy like himself could do.
I’ve come to the conclusion that he probably went with a great deal of hope in his heart. It may have been delusional. But I recently saw a movie that Steven Spielberg made called “Disclosure Day,” and the climactic moment of that movie is when the entire world stops what they’re doing and watches their phones to see “The truth” that aliens are living on our planet. That is utterly naive, to think that people would stop playing their games, working, running around etc., and believe what they were seeing was real. Half the world would immediately call it A.I., another quarter would call it liberal conspiracy. Why would they believe these video recordings when we just saw the same recording in the movie theatre but don’t immediately think, “Oh that must be actual footage Spielberg found.” In other words, why is “Disclosure Day” a fictional movie? That is Spielberg’s naivete showing, in much the same way that Woody Allen’s New York movies don’t look anything like New York.
David may have been as naive about the impact of his action or the reverberations. Perhaps he went to his death thinking that his sacrifice would alter the course of history. But as was tragically made clear, it just ended up with a bunch of people on Facebook calling him a liberal idiot, or sympathizing with the enormous pain he must have been in, and with calls to contact a local suicide prevention hotline, and trigger warnings.
But he was an activist and he was active. That is something that I keep returning to — probably because I have so many doubts about whether or not I am active or passive. I tend to think that I’m more passive — and generally I’ve tried to defend passivity wherever I can — because it is so looked down upon. And you can even flip passivity onto its head and, in a convoluted way, like Martin Luther King, turn passivity into action. “Actively passive,” I think is the term.
But its central to living, I think. And story-telling. A passive creature cannot survive. This is why people like my 89 year old friend who are going through the dying process start playing a waiting game. They do not wish to kill themselves. They may be afraid of it. Maybe they don’t believe in it. Maybe they still enjoy a little bit about being alive. But they also can’t be active anymore, in whatever way that was for them.
In a way, no one is actually passive if they are alive. but when it comes to stories, we look for the active moments — the small, sometimes very small, moments in our lives when are in pursuit, or trying to save ourselves, or save the world, or, in David’s case, call attention to the something.
Just thoughts. Never thought a short story would cause this much thinking.




